Recommendation paper: A victim-centred approach to preventing repeat hate crime victimisation of LGBTI people

This paper is divided into four parts. In chapter one, the phenomenon of repeat victimisation, its aetiology, its patterns and implications for crime prevention and victim support are discussed. In chapter two, the extent and impact of hate crimes targeting members of the LGBTI community are highlighted and a brief overview of the victimisation rates in the EU based on the 2019 survey conducted by FRA is provided. In chapter three, the major issue of under-reporting of homophobic and transphobic hate crimes is addressed, namely the barriers that discourage LGBTI people from reporting their experiences of victimisation and the subsequent ramifications. Finally, in chapter four, a victim-centred approach to breaking the vicious cycle of repeat hate crime victimisation of LGBTI individuals is advocated and some practical recommendations and general prevention guidelines are proposed.